Knights in Battle
BLUMENBERG ASSOCIATES LLC
Purveyors of Rare Historic Images to the Publishing Trade
- The European Middle Ages -
Internet Resources for the Study of Medieval War 2

War in the Middle Ages is a vast complex subject, that is impossible to summarize succinctly.
It is hoped that these resources provide an interesting starting point for organizing some
of the internet resources. Personal favorites unavoidably color the choice of links on these pages.
If one or more focal points capture your interest for further exploration, than these pages have
succeeded in their modest objectives. The 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica is widely
recognized as the finest English language encyclopedia ever published, and their links
are identified here. The material collated at De Re Militari is exceptional and wide use of their
resources has been made. Note that brief comments accompany some listings,
and will be visible when the mouse hovers over the link.



MEDIEVAL EUROPE - Print Galleries
Medieval Warfare 1
The Tournament
Crown & Royal Court 1
Crown & Royal Court 2
Death, Religion, the Church

Medieval War links . . MEDIEVAL WAR 1
WEAPONS, ARMOR, CASTLES, EARLY GUNS
medieval war videos 1 . . MEDIEVAL WAR VIDEOS 1
WEAPONS & ARMOR, CASTLES & SIEGE,
KNIGHTS & TOURNAMENTS,
MILITARY ORDERS

. . MEDIEVAL WAR VIDEOS 2
1066, The CRUSADES
. . MEDIEVAL WAR VIDEOS 3
The HUNDRED YEARS WAR

OE lensOld English
OE, Anglosaxon links . . Old English - AngloSaxon
Anglosaxon & OE eBooks . Anglosaxon &
Early British History Books


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MEDIEVAL WAR


Black Prince Shield
Black Prince Shield

Agincourt Single-Hand Sword
Agincourt Single-Hand Sword

European Closed Helmet Engraved
European Helmet

European Pigface Basinet
European Basinet

Knights Templar Helmet
Knights Templar Helmet

Knights Templar Sword
Knights Templar Sword

Fleur De Lis Suit of Armor Display
Fleur De Lis Armor

Full Body Medieval Knight Armor
Medieval Knight Armor

Edward III Sword
Edward III Sword

King Edward III Flag
King Edward III Flag

- MASTER RESOURCE PAGES -

Internet Medieval Sourcebook (ORB) - Fordham University
Websites for Medieval Military Historians - deremilitari.com.
Medieval Warfare (1) - comprehensive at Wikipedia . . . Medieval Warfare (2) - good overview.
Warfare of the Medieval Era - Wikipedia category page . . . Battles of the Medieval Era - Wikipedia category page


WAR - TACTICS, BLOOD and DEATH

Merovingian Military Organization - origins in the late Roman Empire / research, pdf document.
Warfare and Society in the Carolingian Ostmark - research article / pdf document.
Kings, Clergy and War at the Time of the Carolingians

Medieval Warfare - overview . . . The Art of War in the Middle Ages - course syllabus.
Knightly Arms - Plebian Arms
Chaucer's Knight and the Medieval Laws of War - research article/ pdf document
Wars and Warriors in Gregory of Tours' Histories I-IV
The Evolution of Cohesion in European Armies - Middle Ages to 16th Century.
Medieval Thinking on War . . . Medieval Warfare Blog - at Dere Militari.
Myths of Medieval Warfare . . . Evolution of Medieval Warfare . . . Logistics of Medieval Warfare
The Military Revolution - A Medieval Perspective

Teenagers at War in the Middle Ages
Military Service and the Robin Hood Legend - in the 14th Century / research, pdf document
The King’s Mirror as a Medieval Military Manual - c.1250.
St. Augustine - Love and Hate in Medieval Warfare - research / pdf document.
Church justification for violence in the Middle Ages
Medieval France - Armies and Navies
Medieval War Bibliography - comprehensive as of 1998.
Links to Important Battles
In Search of the Oriflamme - historic banner of the French monarchy.
Half Sword - not a weapon, 'half sword' is a fighting technique.
Infantry - Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 . . . Infantry in the Middle Ages
Mounted Infantry in Medieval Warfare - research article / pdf document.
The Ransom of Oliver Guesclin 1378/9 - research, pdf document
Capture the Knight Alive! - Agincourt Ransoms (1415)
Pay for the Troops - Mercenaries, Plunder and Ransom . . . Recruiting, Organization, Tactics
War Finance in Aragon - mid 15th century / research, pdf document.
Italy and the Companies of Adventure - in the 14th Century / research, pdf document

Kievan Rus - The Struggle for Control 1235/6 / research, pdf document.
Military Intelligence in Arabo-Byzantine Naval Warfare - research ms
Byzantine Army - Anglo Saxons in the Varangian Guard.
Byzantium in Battle - war is the least preferred method of defense / research, pdf document.
Mongols in the West - The Golden Horde gallops into Eastern Europe.
Establishment of the Ottomans - in the Balkans and South Eastern Europe.
Latin Responses to the Expansion of the Ottomans - before 1389 / research, pdf document.


Medieval Manuscript Illustrations - Soldiers, Knights, Battles
Maciejowski Bible c.1250 - Armor, weapons and war in the 13th century
46 Folios from the 1927 Maciejowski Bible Reproduction
Invading Army Fights its Way into the City - Folio 3 / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Knights Battle at the City's Walls - Folio 10 Recto / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Knights and Archers take the City and the King is Hanged - Folio 10 Verso / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Knights and Armies Battle at the City's Walls - Folio 11 Recto / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Calvary Charge w/ Blowing Trumpets - Folio 13 / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Knights attack the City's Walls with Catapult - Folio 23 Verso / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Two Armies and Knights Collide in Battle - Folio 24 Verso bottom / Maciejowski Bible c.1250
Mounted Knights fight outside the City Walls - Folio 41 Reverso / Maciejowski Bible c.1250


The BATTLES / The GREAT and TERRIBLE WARS

The BATTLE of HASTINGS and the NORMAN CONQUEST of ENGLAND ...

Prelude (1)- English Logistics and Military Administration - 871-1066.
Prelude (2)- Cnut The Dane Conquers England in 1016 - research article /pdf document.

William The Conqueror - William, Duke of Normandy / William I, King of England
The Normans - Courage and Battle Rhetoric. . . William the Bastard at War
The Battle of Hastings 1
The decisive victory in the Norman Conquest of England took place on Senlac Hill, 14 October 1066.
The Battle of Hastings 2 . . . The Battle of Hastings 3 - The Norman Army.
The Battle of Hastings 4 - background / context to the battle . . . The Battle of Hastings 5 - contemporary accounts.
The Battle of Hastings 6 - rhetoric and politics . . . The Battle of Hastings 7 - Scandinavian historians.
Bayeux Tapestry
Observations upon a Scene in the Bayeux Tapestry
The Battle of Hastings and the Military System of the Late Anglo-Saxon State.
Snorri Sturluson - The Battle of Hastings and The Battle of Stamford Bridge.
The Coronation of William Duke of Normandy as King of England


The CRUSADES

The Crusades - Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 . . . Crusades - Online Encyclopedia - hundreds of valuable links.
History of the Crusades - 6 volumes online . . . The Crusade Texts in translation - excellent bibliography
The Crusades History with Timeline . . . The Crusades - comprehensive bibliography
William of Malmesbury, Historian of the Crusades - research, pdf document.
Who Went on The Crusades? - research, pdf document.
The Crusades - the significance of Egypt / research, pdf document.
Jihad in Islam Before the Crusades - research, pdf document.
The Crusades - Muslim and Byzantium Perspectives / research, pdf document.
Europe in the Arab Hero Cycles - research / pdf document.
Origins of the Nizari Isma'Ilis - and the Assassins

The First Crusade 1095-99 (1) - Military history . . . The First Crusade 1095-99 (2) - good overview.
Armies and the Successes of the First Crusade 1095-1099 (3) - Military history.
The First Crusade 1095-99 (4) - Pagan Peverel / An Anglo Norman Crusader.
The First Crusade 1095-99 (5) - Narrative from Contemporary Sources.
The Caxton ‘Eracles’ - A Middle English Chronicle of the First Crusade / book review.
Byzantine Background to the First Crusade
The Battle for Antioch (1097-98) - cf Peter Tudebode (1111).
Crusaders Capture Jerusalem - 1099. . . Venice and the Conquest of Jerusalem - research / pdf document.
Crusades in the Levant - 1097-1291 . . . The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem - 1099-1291.
Crusading Motivation of the Italian City Republics in the Latin East - c. 1096-1104.
The 12th Century Nobility of Leon Castille and the Crusade Against Islam
Letters of the Crusaders - Written from the Holy Land . . . Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

Salāh ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (1137-1193) was a Kurd, born in the castle of Tikrit, Iraq.
Saladin and Muslim Military Theory - research / pdf document.
The Battle at Jaob's Ford - 1179.
Frontier Warfare in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem - Campaign at Jacob's Ford, 1178-79.
The Battle of Hattin (1) - 1187 . . . Battle of Hattin (2), 1187 - three contemporary sources.
Battle of Hattin (3), 1187 - by a local Frank, "Ernoul" . . . Battle of Hattin (4), 1187 - fr Muslim Encyclopedia.
Battle of Hattin (5), 1187 - revisited . . . Vadum Iacob Research Project

Medieval Accounts of Salah al-Din's Recovery of Jerusalem (Al-Quds) - fr Hadia Dajani-Shakeel c.1187.
Capture of Jerusalem by Saladin - 1187 . . . Jews in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Richard I, King of England . . . Richard I and the Medieval Science of War - research, pdf document.
Franks as Depicted in Muslim Sources - Crusades of the Twelfth Century.
The Battle Charge in the Latin East 1192-1291
The Albigensian Crusade - 1205-1255.
The Ninth and Last Crusade to the Holy Land - 1271/2.
The Siege and Fall of Acre (1) - 1291. . . Naval Battle off Acre, 1291
The Siege and Fall of Acre (2) - 1291 / in which the Mamluk Sultans
succeed in driving the European Crusade from the Holy Land.

MUSLIM WAR on LAND and SEA
Military Intelligence in Arabo-Byzantine Naval Warfare - research . . . Turkey Naval History
Turks in Europe (1305-13) - Serbs in Asia Minor (1313). - research / pdf document.
Naval Contract by the Papacy Against the Turks, 1334 - research ms
Ottomans: Galleys, Galleons, Portolan Charts and Isolani - research
Mamluk Naval Policy - Rotting Ships and Razed Harbors / research, pdf document
The Mamluks in Egypt and Beyond - origins and history.
Qalawun and Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria - 1279-90 / book review, pdf document.
Battle of Ain Galut, 1260 - Mamluk vrs Mongol Naval Warfare / research, pdf document


The HUNDRED YEARS WAR

The Hundred Years War (1) - Short, good overview
The Hundred Years War (2)1337-1453 - fine academic article.
The Hundred Years War (3) - timeline and chronology . . . The Hundred Years War (4)
The Hundred Years War (5) - Superb resource / articles & research at deremilitari.com
Medieval Life and the Hundred Years War
Development of Battle Tactics in the Hundred Years War - research article / pdf document.
The Hundred Years War - Military Revolutions.
Profit and Loss in the Hundred Years War - the Subcontracts of Sir John Strother, 1374.

Edward III and the English Aristocracy at the Beginning of the Hundred Years War
English Armies in the Early Stages of the Hundred Years War: a Scheme in 1341 - 12pp pdf document.
Edward, The Black Prince - Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall but never king.
Battle of Sluys 1340 (1) - the French fleet is destroyed
which determined that most of the 100 Years War would be fought in France.
Battle of Sluys 1340 (2) - major naval battle and early victory for the English / research, pdf document.
Battle of Sluys 1340 (3) - God, Leadership, Flemings and Archery / research, pdf document
Battle of Neveille's Cross, France 1346 - Edward III's longbowmen crush a
much larger French army / research, pdf document.
Battle of Crecy (1), France 1346 - the first of three great English victories in the Hundred Years War.
Battle of Crecy (2), France 1346 - Hundred Years War / Encyclopedia Britannica 1911.
Battle of Crecy (3), France 1346 - in which John, the Blind King of Bavaria fights bravely.
Siege of Calais - 1346-7.
The Battle of Poitiers 1356, France - the second of three great English victories in the Hundred Years War.
The Battle of Treaty of Bretigny (France), 1360 - The first phase of the Hundred Years War comes to an end,
and nine years of peace bring a respite from fighting and death.

Henry V - King of England, Prince Regent of France, Lord of Ireland....
The Battle of Agincourt France, 1415 - the third of three great English victories in the Hundred Years War.
Battle of Baugé - a Scottish victory in 1419.
Treaty of Troyes - an agreement by which Henry V would become King of France
upon the death of Charles VI.
Final Phase of the Hundred Years War / 1422-1453 - "The War of Charles VII"
The Battle of the Herrings, 12 February, 1429 - in which a numerically superior French / Scottish army attacks
an English convoy transporting herrings, and is decisively defeated. No kidding... 'tis true.
Joan of Arc . . . The Siege of Orleans, France 1429 (1) - Joan of Arc's first major victory.
The Siege of Orleans, France 1429(2) - and the Loire Valley Campaign.
The Battle of Castillon France, 1453 - Cannon played a major role in this French Victory
outside Bordeux that ended the Hundred Years War.


The MILITARY RELIGOUS ORDERS

Military Orders and Orders of Knighthood
The Military Orders: Bibliographies . . . The Military Orders in the Eyes of Their Contemporaries - 1128-1291.
Holy War in the Greek Orthodox World - Russian Chronicles 12th-16th Century / research, pdf document.
Teutonic Knights of St Mary's Hospital - Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 . . . . Teutonic Knights
Teutonic Knights Historical Timeline
Battles Involving the Teutonic Knights - Wikipedia category page
Teutonic Knights in Prussia - Horses and Crossbows.
Marienbourg (Pomerania, Poland) - A huge / fortress castle that was home
to the Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights. In French.
Marienbourg Fortress (Pomerania, Poland) - photos.
Königsberg, first built 1255 - residence of the Teutonic Knight's Marshall.
The Sense of Humor among the Teutonic Knights - of the Thirteenth Century.
Livonia - Invasion, Conquest, Creation - research article / pdf document . . . Polish-Lithuanian–Teutonic War
John (1296-1346), King of Bohemia (1) - Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 . . . John (1296-1346), King of Bohemia (2)
Teutonic Knights - Campaigns in Livonia . . . . Historical Overview of the Crusade to Livonia
Documents Relating to the Baltic Crusade - 1199-1266. . . Victims of the Baltic Crusade
Battle of Tannenberg (Grunwald) 1410 - research / pdf document.
The Hanseatic League and the Teutonic Order . . . Wilhelm von Grumbach - Encyclopedia Britannica 1911

Knights Hospitaller

The Templars - Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 / a must read . . . The Knights Templars - history.
In Praise of the New Knighthood (Liber ad milites Templi: De laude novae militae) - by St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
The Bernardine Vision of Chivalry
Templar Trial in Cyprus . . . Templar Trial Testimony in London - Truth, Myth, Fable? / research, pdf document.
The Chinon Parchment 1 - The Pope absolves the Templars, 1308
The Chinon Parchment 2 - text as issued by Pope Clement V.
The Chinon Parchment 3 - in the Vatican Secret Archives.


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